The American Heart Association is alerting the public to the heightened dangers posed by the simultaneous occurrence of wildfire smoke and extreme heat, a combination that can be particularly harmful to cardiovascular health. As Canadian wildfires send smoke drifting into parts of the United States and summer temperatures rise, the association emphasizes that individuals with existing heart conditions, as well as those without known health issues, face increased risks.
"Extreme heat and wildfire smoke each carry major risks, especially for people with chronic health conditions including heart disease. The combination of the two is extremely dangerous," said Manesh R. Patel, M.D., FAHA, volunteer president of the American Heart Association. He noted that while respiratory problems are often the primary concern with wildfire smoke, the cardiovascular impact is significant and far-reaching. Wildfire smoke contains fine particulate matter that can enter the bloodstream, triggering inflammation and increasing the risk of major cardiovascular events.
Research underscores the severity of these risks. A study published in Circulation, the American Heart Association's flagship journal, found that the risk of fatal heart attacks nearly doubled during days of extreme heat and high levels of fine particle pollution. Another study in the Journal of the American Heart Association reported that exposure to heavy wildfire smoke raised the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests by up to 70%, with elevated risks across age groups and socioeconomic status.
To reduce exposure, Patel recommends staying indoors with doors and windows closed, using high-efficiency air filters, and limiting outdoor activities, especially during peak heat hours from noon to 3 p.m. If outdoor activity is unavoidable, wearing a mask, staying hydrated, and taking frequent breaks in cool or shaded areas are advised. The association also stresses the importance of checking on older adults and those with chronic conditions, as they are more vulnerable.
Recognizing the signs of a heart attack or stroke is crucial. Symptoms include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, pain in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach, and other signs such as cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness. Heat stroke, characterized by a body temperature above 103°F, rapid pulse, confusion, or loss of consciousness, also requires immediate medical attention. The American Heart Association urges people to call 911 and, if trained, perform CPR, which can double the chance of survival.
For real-time air quality information, Patel recommends checking the AirNow.gov website, which provides zip code-level data. Staying informed through local health department alerts is also important. "Protect yourself, be alert and prepared," Patel said. "It could be the difference in saving your life or that of someone you love."
The American Heart Association offers additional resources at heart.org to help individuals safeguard their health during these hazardous conditions.
